Library
Reference Library
A curated collection of key publications on antimicrobial resistance, National Action Plans, costing, stewardship, and related topics. Click any title to access the source.
| Title ↕ | Authors / Source ↕ | Abstract / Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| A cost-effectiveness analysis of two different AMS programs | Antimicrobial stewardship literature | Compares the cost-effectiveness of two antimicrobial stewardship programme models, examining outcomes and resource use across different implementation approaches. | Search PubMed |
| A review of national action plans on antimicrobial resistance | Policy review | Systematic review of existing National Action Plans on AMR, assessing content, completeness, and alignment with the Global Action Plan framework across countries. | Search PubMed |
| An analysis of existing national action plans for AMR | Lancet Infectious Diseases / policy analysis | Analysis of AMR NAPs from multiple countries, examining strategic priorities, governance structures, and implementation gaps. Includes assessment of One Health integration. | Search PubMed |
| An analysis of national action plans on antimicrobial resistance in Southeast Asia using a governance framework | Southeast Asia policy study | Governance framework analysis of AMR NAPs in Southeast Asian countries, examining institutional arrangements, multisectoral coordination, and accountability mechanisms. | Search PubMed |
| An evaluation of implementation in the World Health | WHO implementation review | Evaluation of AMR-related implementation progress within the WHO framework, assessing country-level adoption of Global Action Plan objectives. | WHO Publications |
| Antimicrobial resistance – an agenda for all 2024 | WHO / global health policy, 2024 | Sets out a global agenda for AMR action in 2024, covering stewardship, access, surveillance, innovation, and financing priorities for governments and international partners. | WHO Publications |
| Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Netherlands | Netherlands national programme report | Overview of antimicrobial stewardship policies, initiatives, and outcomes in the Netherlands, including hospital and community stewardship programmes. | Search PubMed |
| Appendix to Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019 | AMR Collaborators, The Lancet, 2022 | Supplementary appendix to the landmark 2022 Lancet study estimating global AMR burden. Provides detailed methods, country-level data, and additional analyses for 204 countries. | The Lancet |
| Ashley – An inventory of supranational antimicrobial resistance surveillance | Ashley et al., surveillance review | Inventory and assessment of existing supranational AMR surveillance systems, examining coverage, data quality, and gaps in global resistance monitoring. | Search PubMed |
| Balasubramanian 2023 – Global incidence in hospital-associated infections resistant to antibiotics: Analysis of point prevalence surveys from 99 countries | Balasubramanian R et al. PLoS Medicine, 2023 | Estimates trends in prevalence of hospital-associated drug-resistant infections (HARIs) caused by six high-priority pathogens (E. coli, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, S. aureus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas) in 195 countries. Finds the burden is substantial and calls for greater global recognition. | PubMed |
| Burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in low-income and middle-income countries | LMIC AMR burden study | Estimates the disproportionate burden of bacterial AMR in low- and middle-income countries, examining disease burden, mortality, and the limited surveillance capacity in these settings. | Search PubMed |
| Diallo – Antibiotic resistance surveillance systems: A review | Diallo et al., surveillance review | Review of existing antibiotic resistance surveillance systems globally, examining methodologies, data quality, coverage, and the challenges of establishing comparable international surveillance. | Search PubMed |
| Expanding Antimicrobial Stewardship Through Quality Improvement | Quality improvement / AMS study | Examines approaches to scaling antimicrobial stewardship programmes through quality improvement frameworks, identifying implementation strategies and measurable outcomes. | Search PubMed |
| Forecasting the fallout from AMR: Economic impacts of antimicrobial resistance on humans | CGD / WOAH / IHME EcoAMR Series, 2024 | Comprehensive economic modelling of the global impact of AMR, estimating that annual healthcare costs could increase by $159 billion by 2050. Finds a 28:1 return on investment for combined interventions including drug innovation and improved access. | CGD Publication |
| GBD 2021 – Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021 with forecasts to 2050 | GBD AMR Collaborators, The Lancet, 2024 | First comprehensive assessment of global AMR burden from 1990 to 2021 with forecasts to 2050. Estimates 1.91 million annual deaths attributable to AMR by 2050, with deaths increasing 69.6% from 2022 to 2050 if no action is taken. | The Lancet |
| Global policy responses to antimicrobial resistance 2021–22 | Global AMR policy review, 2021–22 | Review of global policy responses to AMR during 2021–22, covering National Action Plan updates, governance developments, financing commitments, and international coordination mechanisms. | WHO Publications |
| Global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in food | FAO/WHO food AMR surveillance | Assessment of AMR surveillance systems in food production and food-borne pathogens globally, examining data gaps and the need for integrated One Health surveillance approaches. | WHO Publications |
| HASHAD 2020 – Mapping hospital antimicrobial stewardship programmes in the Gulf Cooperation Council states | HASHAD study, GCC, 2020 | Mapping exercise of hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programmes across GCC states, identifying implementation gaps, human resources, and programme characteristics across the region. | Search PubMed |
| Implementation of hand hygiene in health-care facilities | WHO Hand Hygiene initiative / IPC study | Reviews evidence on hand hygiene implementation in healthcare settings, examining barriers, enablers, and the impact of structured programmes on healthcare-associated infections and AMR. | Search PubMed |
| Is antimicrobial stewardship cost-effective? A narrative review of the evidence | Narrative review, stewardship economics | Narrative review of evidence on the cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship programmes, examining the economic case for AMS investment across different healthcare settings and contexts. | Search PubMed |
| Lancet – An analysis of existing national action plans for AMR | The Lancet Infectious Diseases | Lancet analysis of AMR NAPs, assessing strategic content, governance, financing provisions, and implementation readiness across a large sample of country plans. | Search PubMed |
| Lancet – Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by AMR | AMR Collaborators, The Lancet, 2022 | Landmark study estimating 1.27 million deaths directly attributable to bacterial AMR in 2019, with 4.95 million deaths associated with AMR. Covers 23 pathogens and 88 pathogen-drug combinations across 204 countries. | The Lancet |
| Lancet – Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance | Murray CJL et al., The Lancet, 2022 | Comprehensive global burden of disease analysis for bacterial AMR. Estimates AMR is a leading cause of death worldwide, with the highest burdens in low-resource settings, particularly sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. | PubMed |
| Modelling the annual NHS costs and outcomes of antimicrobial resistance | NHS / UK health economics study | Models the annual costs and health outcomes attributable to antimicrobial resistance within the NHS, providing estimates of economic burden and the value of resistance-reducing interventions. | Search PubMed |
| MONITORING AND EVALUATION NAP AMR | WHO / AMR monitoring framework | Framework and guidance for monitoring and evaluating National Action Plans on AMR, covering indicators, data collection approaches, and accountability mechanisms for tracking implementation progress. | WHO Publications |
| Murray – Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019 | Murray CJL et al., The Lancet, 2022 | The most comprehensive global AMR burden estimate to date. In 2019, bacterial AMR was directly responsible for 1.27 million deaths and associated with 4.95 million deaths. Six pathogens accounted for 73.4% of attributable deaths. | PubMed |
| National Action Plans – Policy Brief (GPPCxDAL) | Global Health policy brief | Policy brief on National Action Plans for AMR, addressing governance, financing, and implementation recommendations for countries at different stages of NAP development. | WHO Publications |
| National Action Plans – Policy Brief (GPPCxDAL, second edition) | Global Health policy brief | Updated policy brief on AMR NAPs, reflecting lessons learned from country implementation and providing updated recommendations for multisectoral coordination and financing. | WHO Publications |
| Nov2023 – ECDC/WHO Executive Summary on AMR | ECDC / WHO, November 2023 | Joint ECDC and WHO executive summary on AMR surveillance data, resistance trends, and key public health implications for Europe and globally as of 2023. | ECDC Publications |
| PDF – Tackling antimicrobial resistance in healthcare: the significance of robust health and economic data | Health economics / AMR data study | Examines the role of robust health and economic data in tackling AMR in healthcare settings, arguing for strengthened data systems to support stewardship and infection prevention investments. | Search PubMed |
| Policy document on antimicrobial stewardship practices in India | India AMS policy document | National policy document on antimicrobial stewardship in India, covering regulatory frameworks, hospital programme requirements, and strategies for reducing inappropriate antibiotic use. | Search PubMed |
| PUBLISHED African Union AMR Landmark Report | African Union, AMR Report | Landmark African Union report on antimicrobial resistance in Africa, covering burden, policy landscape, National Action Plans, and recommendations for strengthening the continental AMR response. | African Union |
| Restrictive visa policies harm global scientific collaboration on AMR | Commentary / global health policy | Commentary arguing that restrictive visa policies impede international scientific collaboration needed to address global health threats including antimicrobial resistance. | Search PubMed |
| Return on Investment in Health Economic Evaluation | Health economics methodology | Review of return-on-investment frameworks in health economic evaluation, examining methodological approaches and their application to public health interventions including AMR programmes. | Science Direct |
| Strengths and weaknesses of WHO AMR budgeting tool | WHO costing tool evaluation | Critical assessment of the WHO AMR Costing and Budgeting Tool, examining its utility, methodological strengths, limitations, and recommendations for improvement based on country experience. | WHO Publications |
| Sweden – Future costs of antibiotic resistance 2018 | Swedish health economics study, 2018 | Projects the future economic costs of antibiotic resistance for the Swedish health system, examining hospital costs, productivity losses, and the return on investment for AMR containment measures. | Search PubMed |
| The cost-effectiveness of temporary single-patient room use | IPC / hospital economics study | Economic analysis of using single-patient rooms as an infection prevention measure in hospitals, evaluating cost-effectiveness in reducing transmission of resistant organisms. | Search PubMed |
| The effect of commonly used non-antibiotic medications on antimicrobial resistance | Pharmacology / AMR study | Investigates how commonly prescribed non-antibiotic medications may contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance, with implications for prescribing practices and stewardship. | Search PubMed |
| The effects of Japan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial | Japan NAP evaluation | Evaluation of the impact of Japan’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance on antibiotic use, resistance rates, and health outcomes following plan implementation. | Search PubMed |
| The first WHO global survey on infection prevention and control | WHO IPC Global Survey | First WHO global survey assessing the status of infection prevention and control programmes worldwide, examining IPC capacity, gaps, and country-level implementation of core components. | WHO Publications |
| The Governance and Implementation of the National Action Plan | NAP governance study | Analysis of governance structures and implementation mechanisms of National Action Plans on AMR, examining institutional arrangements, accountability, and coordination across sectors. | Search PubMed |
| The impact of the national action plan on hospital AMR (China) | China NAP impact study | Assessment of the measurable impact of China’s National Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance rates and antibiotic use in hospital settings following plan implementation. | Search PubMed |
| The WHO costing and budgeting tool for national action plans on AMR | WHO AMR Costing Tool documentation | Official documentation and description of the WHO AMR Costing and Budgeting Tool, covering its purpose, methodology, structure, and guidance for country teams undertaking NAP costing. | WHO Website |
| Time-to-fast-track interventions to road traffic accidents | Health economics / priority setting | Study on fast-tracking high-impact health interventions, with relevance to priority setting and resource allocation methodologies applicable to AMR programme planning. | Search PubMed |
| Utility of healthcare worker-targeted antimicrobial stewardship | AMS workforce study | Examines the effectiveness and utility of antimicrobial stewardship interventions targeted at healthcare workers, including education, feedback, and prescribing guidelines. | Search PubMed |
| Vietnam – A scoping review of AMR | Vietnam AMR scoping review | Scoping review of antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam, covering resistance trends, antibiotic use patterns, governance structures, and the implementation of AMR control policies. | Search PubMed |
| Vos – Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries | GBD Collaborators, The Lancet, 2020 | Global Burden of Disease 2019 study covering 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries. Foundational reference for understanding the comparative burden of infectious diseases including AMR-related conditions. | PubMed |
| What Is the More Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention: Preprescription Authorization or Postprescription Review? | AMS intervention comparison study | Compares the effectiveness of preprescription authorization versus postprescription review as antimicrobial stewardship strategies, examining impact on antibiotic use, resistance, and clinical outcomes. | Search PubMed |
| WHO Council Insight No. 2 | WHO Council on the Economics of Health for All | Second insight paper from the WHO Council on the Economics of Health for All, covering financing strategies and economic arguments for investment in public health priorities including AMR. | WHO Publications |
| TrACSS AMR Self-Assessment Survey Responses 2020–2021 | WHO/FAO/OIE TrACSS, 2020–21 | Results of the Tripartite AMR Country Self-Assessment Survey (TrACSS) for 2020–21, reporting country progress on NAP implementation across the five objectives of the Global Action Plan on AMR. | WHO Website |
| HICC – Impact on HAIs and Costs (AIIMS QI, Feb 2024) | Hospital Infection Control Committee study, 2024 | Study from AIIMS examining the impact of hospital infection control committee quality improvement initiatives on healthcare-associated infections and associated costs. | Search PubMed |
| 16 Country AMR NAP analysis | Multi-country NAP comparative analysis | Comparative analysis of National Action Plans on AMR across 16 countries, examining strategic content, governance, financing, and implementation readiness. | Internal document |
| Draft article on WHO AMR Costing Tool | Paul Verboom et al. (draft) | Draft article describing the development, methodology, and application of the WHO AMR Costing and Budgeting Tool, including lessons from country pilots. | Forthcoming |
| Impact of AMR Costing and Budgeting Tool | Tool impact assessment (internal) | Assessment of the impact of the WHO AMR Costing and Budgeting Tool on country capacity to cost NAPs, identify funding gaps, and engage financing partners. | Internal document |