AMR in Developing Countries

Tackling AMR in Developing Countries

Developing countries often face a disproportionate burden from antimicrobial resistance. Fragmented systems, limited diagnostics, shortages of trained personnel, weak regulation, and insufficient financing can make AMR harder to prevent and control. A National Action Plan helps bring structure, coordination, and long-term direction.

The Challenge in Resource-Constrained Settings

Many developing countries face overlapping constraints that complicate the response to AMR. These include weak laboratory systems, inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure, shortages of equipment and reagents, insufficient technical staff, and limited domestic financing.

Countries must also manage a difficult balance: reducing inappropriate antimicrobial use while still ensuring equitable access to essential medicines.

How National Action Plans Help

A NAP provides a structured way to coordinate national action, set priorities, connect planning to financing, and reduce fragmentation across sectors and institutions.

Coordination

Establish steering committees and coordination mechanisms across sectors.

Capacity Building

Guide investment in laboratories, workforce development, and regulatory systems.

Surveillance

Support monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use.

Phased Implementation

Help countries sequence priorities based on capacity and available resources.

One Health Is Essential

AMR is shaped by what happens in human health, animal health, agriculture, food systems, and the environment. Effective NAPs therefore use a One Health approach to coordinate action across these sectors.

  • Multisectoral committees and technical working groups
  • Integrated surveillance systems
  • Infection prevention and biosecurity measures
  • Coordinated antimicrobial regulation and stewardship
  • Joint education and awareness initiatives

Financing and Resource Mobilisation

Sustainable funding remains one of the biggest implementation barriers. Many NAPs are not fully integrated into domestic budgets, which can leave countries dependent on external support.

A costed NAP helps identify funding gaps, strengthen the investment case, support advocacy with ministries of finance, and create a practical basis for discussion with international partners.

Building for the Long Term

An AMR NAP is most effective when it supports long-term system strengthening. This includes investment in laboratories, surveillance systems, workforce training, regulatory reform, and durable coordination mechanisms.

Over time, these capacities improve resilience not only for AMR, but also for broader public health and development priorities.

A National Action Plan Is More Than a Document

It is a practical roadmap for turning commitment into coordinated national action on antimicrobial resistance.

Return to NAP Overview

National Action Plans for Antimicrobial Resistance